When shopping for outdoor jackets, tents, or camping gear, you’ve probably come across the terms “waterproof” and “water-repellent.” While they may sound similar, they describe two very different levels of protection against moisture. Understanding the difference can help you choose the right gear for your outdoor adventures.
What Is Waterproof?
Waterproof means that a material is completely impervious to water. It provides full protection, even in heavy rain or when submerged in water. This is achieved through tightly woven fabrics, waterproof membranes (like Gore-Tex), or special coatings (such as PU-polyurethane or PVC). Waterproof materials are rated by a measurement called water column pressure, often expressed in millimeters (mm). For example, a rating of 3000mm means the fabric can theoretically withstand 3 meters of water pressure without leaking (static water pressure). The higher the rating, the more water pressure the fabric can withstand before leaking.
Examples of Waterproof Gear:
Rain Jackets with Membranes – High-quality rain jackets use materials like Gore-Tex, or PU coatings to keep water out.
Camping Tents – Many high-end tents have a waterproof rainfly and floor, often with taped seams to prevent leaks.
Dry Bags – Used in kayaking and hiking, dry bags are completely waterproof and keep your gear dry even if submerged.
Key Indicators:
Hydrostatic pressure rating (e.g., 20,000mm means it can withstand 20 meters of water column pressure).
Seam sealing (stitching without tape will leak water).
Durability – Over time, use, friction, and washing can reduce waterproof effectiveness.
What Is Water-Repellent?
Water-repellent materials provide some level of water resistance but are not fully waterproof. These fabrics are usually treated with a Durable Water Repellent (DWR) coating, which makes water bead up and roll off instead of soaking in. This effect is similar to water droplets on lotus leaves—water temporarily rolls off but will eventually soak in with prolonged exposure.
When water falls on water-repellent fabrics, it does not absorb quickly. In contrast, untreated fabrics, like cotton, soak up water almost instantly. However, if the fabric is exposed to heavy rain or prolonged moisture, water will eventually penetrate. If water accumulates on the fabric under pressure (such as from backpack straps), it will pass through to the other side.
Limitations:
DWR coating wears off over time, especially in high-friction areas.
Not designed for sustained water pressure (e.g., long-term exposure to heavy rain or pressure from gear).
The water repellent effect of （c） is much better than (a).
Examples of Water-Repellent Gear:
Sleeping Bags – A water-repellent sleeping bag can resist minor spills (like a cup of water) if wiped away quickly. However, it cannot function like a tent in the rain since sleeping bag fabrics are not waterproof.
How to Choose the Right One?
For heavy rain or wet environments (e.g., hiking in the rainforest, kayaking, winter camping) → Go for waterproof gear.
For light rain or active movement (e.g., hiking, trail running, everyday wear) → Water-repellent gear is usually enough.
For the best of both worlds, layer water-repellent outerwear with a waterproof shell when needed.
Understanding these differences will help you make the best choice for your outdoor needs. Whether you need full waterproof protection or just a little water resistance, picking the right gear ensures a more comfortable and dry adventure!
